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| Essential Knowledge and Skills |
Related SOL |
| Students should be able to: |
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| Create a model of Earth’s structure as a solid, mostly iron inner core; a liquid, mostly iron outer core; a rocky, plastic mantle; and a rocky, brittle crust. |
ES.8 |
| Describe the forces that provide evidence that the core, mantle, and crust of the Earth are a dynamic system, which is constantly in motion. |
ES.8 b, c |
| Understand that the lithosphere is the solid outer shell of Earth that is divided into plates that are in motion with respect to one another. |
ES.8 b |
| Design an investigation to explain the concept of convection and apply it to various plate motions. |
ES.8 b, c |
| Differentiate between the properties of oceanic and continental crust. |
ES.8 b, c |
| Using physical models and explanation of major features, differentiate among the types of relative plate motions and boundaries, including convergent, divergent, and transform. |
ES.8 b, c |
| Describe the relationship among convection, plate motion, and associated geologic activity (e.g., earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building). |
ES.8.a, b, c
ES.1 b, e
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| Predict that geologic activity (e.g., earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain building) occurs as a result of relative motion along plate boundaries. |
ES.8 a, b, c
ES.1 b
ES.2 a, b, e
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| Create a diagram illustrating the relationship between convection in the mantle and hot spot activity. |
ES.8.b |
Recognize that
- a fault is a fracture in Earth’s crust along which movement has occurred;
- most active faults are located at or near plate boundaries. Earthquakes result when movement occurs along a fault;
- when rocks are compressed horizontally, their layers may be deformed into wave-like forms called folds. This commonly occurs during continental plate collisions.
Generalize that a volcano is an opening where magma is extruded onto the Earth’s surface. Most volcanic activity is associated with subduction, rifting, or sea-floor spreading. |
ES.8 b, c |
Infer how the five physiographic provinces in Virginia were produced by a billion-year long tectonic and geologic history by interpreting geologic cross sections of the state, presence of rock types, absolute and negative ages, and geologic structural features.
Label a map of the physiographic provinces and describe the characteristics of each province in terms of rock type, structure, topography, and age. |
ES.8 a |
Sample Classroom Assessment Methods
- Lab practical
- Student presentations
- Student modeling
- Quizzes
- Unit tests
Sample Resources
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