| WHII.11 |
The student will demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, and cultural developments during the Interwar Period by |
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a) |
describing the League of Nations and the mandate system; |
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b) |
citing causes and assessing the impact of worldwide depression in the 1930s; |
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c) |
examining events related to the rise, aggression, and human costs of dictatorial regimes in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan, and identifying their major leaders, i.e., Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Hirohito, and Hideki Tojo. |
NOTE: The Virginia Board of Education adopted the revised 2008 History and Social Science Standards of Learning at the January 10, 2008, meeting. Full implementation of these documents is scheduled for the 2010-2011 school year, as outlined in Superintendent’s Memorandum Informational Number 49.
Explain that, after World War I, international organizations and agreements were established to avoid future conflicts.
Describe the League of Nations and the reasons it failed, using the following information as a guide:
• The League was an international cooperative organization.
• It was established to prevent future wars.
• The United States was not a member.
• The League failed because it did not have power to enforce its decisions.
Explain why the mandate system was created, using the following information as a guide:
• The system was created to administer the colonies of defeated powers on a temporary basis.
• France and Great Britain became mandatory powers in the Middle East.
Explain that a period of uneven prosperity in the decade following World War I (1920s) was followed by worldwide depression in the 1930s. Depression weakened Western democracies, making it difficult for them to challenge the threat of totalitarianism.
Summarize the causes of the worldwide depression following World War I, using the following information as a guide:
• German reparations
• Expansion of production capacities and dominance of the United States in the global economy
• High protective tariffs
• Excessive expansion of credit
• Stock Market Crash (1929)
Summarize the impact of the worldwide depression following World War I, using the following information as a guide:
• High unemployment in industrial countries
• Bank failures and collapse of credit
• Collapse of prices in world trade
• Nazi Party’s growing importance in Germany; Nazi Party’s blame of European Jews for economic collapse
Explain that economic dislocations following World War I led to unstable political conditions. Worldwide depression in the 1930s provided opportunities for the rise of dictators in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Explain that a communist dictatorship was established by Vladimir Lenin and continued by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union.
Describe the Soviet United under the leadership of Joseph Stalin during the Interwar Period, using the following information as a guide:
• Entrenchment of communism
• Stalin’s policies (five-year plans, collectivization of farms, state industrialization, secret police)
• Great Purge
Explain that the Treaty of Versailles worsened economic and political conditions in Europe and led to the rise of totalitarian regimes in Italy and Germany.
Describe Germany under the leadership of Adolf Hitler during the Interwar Period, using the following information as a guide:
• Inflation and depression
• Weakening of Democratic government
• Anti-Semitism
• Extreme nationalism
• National Socialism (Nazism)
• German occupation of nearby countries
Describe Italy under the leadership of Benito Mussolini during the Interwar Period, using the following information as a guide:
• Rise of fascism
• Ambition to restore the glory of Rome
• Invasion of Ethiopia
Explain that Japan emerged as a world power after World War I and conducted aggressive imperialistic policies in Asia.
Describe Japan under the leadership of Hirohito and Hideki Tojo during the Interwar Period, using the following information as a guide:
• Militarism
• Industrialization of Japan, leading to drive for raw materials
• Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China
Below is an annotated list of Internet resources for this organizing topic. Copyright restrictions may exist for the material on some Web sites. Please note and abide by any such restrictions.
“America from the Great Depression to World War II.” American Memory. The Library of Congress. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fsowhome.html>. This site provides access to photographs from the Great Depression Era.
“Benito Mussolini: What is Fascism, 1932.” Modern History Sourcebook. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/mussolini-fascism.html>. This site contains information on Benito Mussolini and Fascism.
Boemeke, Manfred F., Gerald D. Feldman, and Elisabeth Glaser, ed. “The Treaty of Versailles: A Reassessment after 75 Years.” The University of Virginia. <http://www.people.virginia.edu/~sas4u/versailles.htm>. This web site offers an outline of the major themes of a 1998 book on the Treaty of Versailles, edited by Boemeke, et al., and published by Cambridge University Press. The site also contains related web links related to the Treaty of Versailles.
The Great Depression. Encarta. <http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761584403/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States.html>. This site contains information on the Great Depression.
“Emperor Hirohito (1901-1989).” People and Events. Public Broadcasting Service. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/peopleevents/pandeAMEX97.html>. This site contains information on Emperor Hirohito.
“A German View of the Treaty of Versailles.” John Jay College of Criminal Justice. <http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob94.html>. This site contains an article by Brockdorff-Rantzau, German Foreign Ministeron, representing the German view of the Treaty of Versailles.
Hitler: The Rise of Evil. Columbia Broadcasting Service (CBS). <http://cbs.com/specials/rise_of_evil>. This site contains information on Adolf Hitler.
League of Nations Photo Archive. Indiana University. <http://www.indiana.edu/~league/photos.htm>. This site contains photos and other information on the League of Nations.
“League of Nations Statistical and Disarmament Documents.” Government Publications and Maps. Northwestern University. <http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/league/background.html>. This site contains information on the League of Nations.
Hideki Tojo. Spartacus Educational. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWtojo.htm>. This site contains information on Hideki Tojo.
Songs of the Great Depression. College of Staten Island Library. <http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/cherries.html>. This site contains the lyrics of three songs of the Great Depression Era.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning: History and Social Science Released Items for World History II. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/Release2003/History/VA-RIBs_g11wh2-1.pdf>.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning. World History and Geography: 1500 a.d. to the Present. Test Blueprint. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04.<http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/HistoryBlueprints03/2002Blueprint8WHII.pdf>. This site provides assessment information for World History and Geography: 1500 a.d. to the Present. |
