| WHII.13 |
The student will demonstrate knowledge of major events in the second half of the twentieth century by |
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a) |
explaining key events of the Cold War, including the competition between the American and Soviet economic and political systems and the causes of the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe; |
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b) |
assessing the impact of nuclear weaponry on patterns of conflict and cooperation since 1945; |
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describing conflicts and revolutionary movements in eastern Asia, including those in China and Vietnam, and their major leaders, i.e., Mao Tse-tung (Zedong), Chiang Kai-shek, and Ho Chi Minh. |
NOTE: The Virginia Board of Education adopted the revised 2008 History and Social Science Standards of Learning at the January 10, 2008, meeting. Full implementation of these documents is scheduled for the 2010-2011 school year, as outlined in Superintendent’s Memorandum Informational Number 49.
Explain that British policies and the demand for self-rule led to the rise of the Indian independence movement, resulting in the creation of new states on the Indian sub-continent.
Summarize the regional setting for the Indian independence movement, using the following information as a guide:
• Indian sub-continent
• British India
• India
• Pakistan (former West Pakistan)
• Bangladesh (former East Pakistan)
• Sri Lanka (former Ceylon)
Summarize the Indian independence movement. Include the identification of its leader, the tactics he used, and the outcome of the movement. Use the following information as a guide:
• British rule in India
• Leadership of Mohandas Gandhi
• Role of civil disobedience and passive resistance
• Political division along Hindu-Muslim lines, Pakistan/India
Explain that the charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination.
Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism.
Summarize the independence movement in Africa, and explain why they gained success following World War II. Use the following information as a guide:
• Right to self-determination (U.N. charter)
• Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II
• Pride in African cultures and heritage
• Resentment toward imperial rule and economic exploitation
• Loss of colonies by Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Portugal
• Influence of superpower rivalry during the Cold War
Identify examples of independence movements in Africa and subsequent development efforts. Include Kenyatta’s leadership role in Kenya. Use the following information as a guide:
• West Africa – Peaceful transition
• Algeria – War for Independence from France
• Kenya (Britain) – Violent struggle under leadership of Kenyatta
• South Africa – Black South Africans’ struggle against apartheid
Explain that the mandate system established after World War I was phased out after World War II. With the end of the mandates, new states were created in the Middle East.
Summarize the results of the United Nations’ decision to end the mandate system in terms of states created (locations) and their subsequent problems. Use the following information as a guide:
Mandates in the Middle East
• Established by the League of Nations
• Granted independence after World War II
• Resulted in Middle East conflicts created by religious differences
French Mandates in the Middle East
• Syria
• Lebanon
British Mandates in the Middle East
• Jordan
• Palestine (part became independent as the State of Israel)
Below is an annotated list of Internet resources for this organizing topic. Copyright restrictions may exist for the material on some Web sites. Please note and abide by any such restrictions.
“Education Place.” Outline Maps. <http://www.eduplace.com/ss/ssmaps/> . This site permits visitors to print a variety of maps.
“India and Pakistan.” CNN. <http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9708/India97/shared/sibling.rivalry/index.html>. This site provides a history of the conflict between Pakistan and India during the early 21st century.
“How to write an outline.” Los Angeles Valley College Library. <http://www.lavc.cc.ca.us/Library/outline.htm> This site offers tips on formatting an outline.
“Newspaper Writing 101.” Jobs Page: Your Link to Newspaper Careers. <http://www.freep.com/jobspage/academy/writing.htm>. This site offers tips on how to write a newspaper article.
“Q & A.” BBC News. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/353352.stm>. This site provides a history of the Pakistan/Indian conflict over Kashmir.
“The Partition of India.” Social Sciences at UCLA. <http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Independent/partition.html>. This site provides background about the Indian partition; it also contains a link to a bibliography on the partition.
Rushdie, Salman. Time. <http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/gandhi.html>. This article on Mohandas Gandhi is about how “his philosophy of nonviolence and his passion for independence began a drive for freedom that doomed colonialism.”
“The Story of Africa: Independence.” <http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/14chapter3.shtml>. This site presents an overview of African independence movements in a number of countries.
“Zionism and Arab Nationalism.” Two Peoples, One Land. <http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/news/nation-world/mideast/revolts/>. This site contains an article about the division of Israelis and Palestinians.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning: History and Social Science Released Items for World History II. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/Release2003/History/VA-RIBs_g11wh2-1.pdf>.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning. World History and Geography: 1500 a.d. to the Present. Test Blueprint. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/HistoryBlueprints03/2002Blueprint8WHII.pdf>. This site provides assessment information for World History and Geography: 1500 a.d. to the Present.
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