| WHII.12 |
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War II by |
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a) |
explaining economic and political causes, major events, and identifying leaders of the war, with emphasis on Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, George Marshall, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Hideki Tojo, and Hirohito; |
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b) |
examining the Holocaust and other examples of genocide in the twentieth century; |
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c) |
explaining the terms of the peace, the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, the creation of international cooperative organizations, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). |
NOTE: The Virginia Board of Education adopted the revised 2008 History and Social Science Standards of Learning at the January 10, 2008, meeting. Full implementation of these documents is scheduled for the 2010-2011 school year, as outlined in Superintendent’s Memorandum Informational Number 49.
Explain that many economic and political causes led toward World War II. Major theaters of war included Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Leadership was essential to the Allied victory.
Summarize the economic and political causes of World War II, using the following information as a guide:
• Aggression by totalitarian powers (Germany, Italy, Japan)
• Nationalism
• Failures of the Treaty of Versailles
• Weakness of the League of Nations
• Appeasement
• Tendencies towards isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the United States
Summarize the major events of World War II, using the following information as a guide:
• German invasion of Poland
• Fall of France
• Battle of Britain
• German invasion of the Soviet Union
• Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
• D-Day (Allied invasion of Europe)
• Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Identify and describe the major leaders of World War II, using the following information as a guide:
• Franklin D. Roosevelt—U.S. President
• Harry Truman—U.S. President after death of President Roosevelt
• Dwight D. Eisenhower—U.S. general
• Douglas MacArthur—U.S. general
• George Marshall—U.S. general
• Winston Churchill—British prime minister
• Joseph Stalin—Soviet dictator
• Adolf Hitler—Nazi dictator of Germany
• Hideki Tojo—Japanese general
• Hirohito—Emperor of Japan
Define the term genocide as the systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group.
Explain that there had been a climate of hatred against Jews in Europe and Russia for centuries.
Summarize the elements leading to the Holocaust, using the following information as a guide:
• Totalitarianism combined with nationalism
• History of anti-Semitism
• Defeat in World War I and economic depression blamed on German Jews
• Hitler’s belief in the master race
• Final solution—Extermination camps and gas chambers
Explain that various instances of genocide have occurred throughout the twentieth century.
Describe other examples of genocides, using the following information as a guide:
• Armenians by leaders of the Ottoman Empire
• Peasants, government and military leaders, and members of the elite in the Soviet Union by Joseph Stalin
• The educated, artists, technicians, former government officials, monks, and minorities by Pol Pot in Cambodia
• Tutsi minority by Hutu in Rwanda
• Muslims and Croats by Bosnian Serbs in former Yugoslavia
Explain that the outcomes of World War II included the war crimes trials, the division of Europe, plans to rebuild Germany and Japan, and the establishment of international cooperative organizations.
Summarize the outcomes of World War II using the following information as a guide:
• European powers’ loss of empires
• Establishment of two major powers in the world: The United States and the U.S.S.R.
• War crimes trials
• Division of Europe—Iron Curtain
• Establishment of the United Nations
• Marshall Plan
• Formation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Warsaw Pact
Describe the war crimes trials.
Describe the efforts for reconstruction of Germany, using the following information as a guide:
• Democratic government installed in West Germany and West Berlin
• Germany and Berlin divided among the four Allied powers
• Emergence of West Germany as economic power in postwar Europe
Describe the effort for reconstruction of Japan using, the following information as a guide:
• U.S. occupation of Japan under MacArthur’s administration
• Democracy and economic development
• Elimination of Japanese offensive military capabilities; United States’ guarantee of Japan’s security
• Emergence of Japan as dominant economy in Asia
Identify the international cooperative organizations created after World War II.
Below is an annotated list of Internet resources for this organizing topic. Copyright restrictions may exist for the material on some Web sites. Please note and abide by any such restrictions.
Armenian National Institute. <http://www.armenian-genocide.org>. This site provides information on the Armenian Genocide in the early decades of the twentieth century.
Biography.com. <http://www.biography.com/>. This site will provide biographical information on famous people. Click on “Biography Search,” then enter a person’s name and click “Go.”
British Broadcasting Corporation. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/>. This site provides information on World War II.
British Broadcasting Corporation News. “Rwanda: How the Genocide Happened.” <http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1288230.stm>. This site provides information about the 1994 genocide in Rwanda.
Cambodian Genocide Program, Yale University. <http://www.yale.edu/cgp>. This site provides information on the Cambodian genocide of 1975-1979.
Jones, Tamara. “U.N. Court Orders Yugoslavia to Prevent Genocide in Bosnia.” Los Angeles Times. <http://www-tech.mit.edu/V113/N19/yugoslavia.19w.html>. This is the site of an article detailing the U.N. court orders against Yugoslavia intending to prevent genocide in Bosnia.
National WWII Memorial. <http://www.wwiimemorial.com/default.asp?page=home.asp>. This site provides information and photos of the construction of the National World War II Memorial scheduled to open May 29, 2004.
Northwestern University Library. <http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/>. This site provides 300 posters from the World War II era. A CD containing the posters can be purchased for a cost-recovery fee.
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. <http://www.ushmm.org/>. The site provides information on the Holocaust.
University of Cincinnati. The Internet Court of Justice Considers Genocide. <http://homepages.uc.edu/thro/genocide/index.html>. This site provides information on Bosnia’s charges of genocidal crimes against Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning: History and Social Science Released Items for World History II. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/Release2003/History/VA-RIBs_g11wh2-1.pdf>.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning. World History and Geography: 1500 a.d. to the Present. Test Blueprint. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04.<http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/HistoryBlueprints03/2002Blueprint8WHII.pdf>. This site provides assessment information for World History and Geography: 1500 a.d. to the Present.
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