| WHI.10 |
The student will demonstrate knowledge of civilizations and empires of the Eastern Hemisphere and their interactions through regional trade patterns by |
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a) |
locating major trade routes; |
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b) |
identifying technological advances and transfers, networks of economic interdependence, and cultural interactions; |
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c) |
describing Japan, with emphasis on the impact of Shinto and Buddhist traditions and the influence of Chinese culture; |
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d) |
describing east African kingdoms of Axum and Zimbabwe and west African civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in terms of geography, society, economy, and religion. |
Explain that during the Medieval Period, several major trading routes developed in the Eastern Hemisphere. These trading routes developed among Europe, Africa, and Asia.
List the major trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere from 1000 to 1500 A.D., using the following information as a guide:
• Silk roads across Asia to the Mediterranean basin
• Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean
• Trans-Saharan routes across North Africa
• Northern European links with the Black Sea
• Western European sea and river trade
• South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia
Explain that regional trade networks and long-distance trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere aided the diffusion and exchange of technology and culture between Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Explain how trade facilitated the diffusion of goods and ideas among different cultures, using the following information as a guide:
Goods
• Gold from West Africa
• Spices from lands around the Indian Ocean
• Textiles from India, China, the Middle East, and later Europe
• Porcelain from China and Persia
Technology
• Paper from China through the Muslim world to Byzantium and Western Europe
• New crops from India (e.g., for making sugar)
• Waterwheels and windmills
• Navigation—Compass from China, lateen sail from Indian Ocean
Ideas
• Spread of religions across the hemisphere
– Buddhism from China to Korea and Japan
– Hinduism and Buddhism from India to Southeast Asia
– Islam into West Africa, Central and Southeast Asia
• Printing and paper money from China
Explain that Japanese cultural development was influenced by proximity to China.
Summarize the influence of geography on Japan’s development, using the following information as a guide:
• Mountainous Japanese archipelago (four main islands)
• Sea of Japan or East Sea between Japan and Asian mainland
• Proximity to China and Korea
Explain how Chinese culture influenced Japan, using the following information as a guide:
• Writing
• Architecture
• Buddhism
Explain that Shinto and Buddhism coexisted as religious traditions in the Japanese culture.
Summarize the Shinto traditions, using the following information as a guide:
• Ethnic religion unique to Japan
• Importance of natural features, forces of nature, and ancestors
• State religion; worshipping the emperor
• Coexistence with Buddhism
Explain that African civilizations developed in sub-Saharan west and east Africa.
Zimbabwe
• Location relative to the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers and the Indian Ocean coast
• City of “Great Zimbabwe” as capital of a prosperous empire
West African kingdoms
• Location of Ghana, Mali, Songhai empires relative to Niger River and the Sahara
• Importance of gold and salt to trans-Saharan trade
• City of Timbuktu as center of trade and learning
• Role of animism and Islam
Explain that states and empires flourished in Africa during the medieval period, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa, Axum in east Africa, and Zimbabwe in southern Africa.
Explain that trade brought important economic, cultural, and religious influences to African civilizations from other parts of the Eastern Hemisphere.
Identify the characteristics of civilizations in sub-Saharan Africa during the medieval period, using the following information as a guide:
Axum
• Location relative to the Ethiopian Highlands and the Nile River
• Christian kingdom
Below is an annotated list of Internet resources for this organizing topic. Copyright restrictions may exist for the material on some Web sites. Please note and abide by any such restrictions.
“Accounts of Meröe, Kush, and Axum, c. 430 BCE - 550 CE.” Internet Ancient History Sourcebook. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/nubia1.html>. This site provides information on Kush and Axum through accounts from classical sources.
“Ancient Japan.” Washington State University. <http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/ANCJAPAN/CREAT.HTM>. This site provides links to Shinto creation stories.
Churchill, Robert. “Ancient Japan.” Handbook for the Study of Eastern Literatures. Creighton University. <http://mockingbird.creighton.edu/english/worldlit/wldocs/churchill/japan.htm>. This site provides information about the prehistory and history of ancient Japan.
“Civilizations in Africa: Axum.” Washington State University. <http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/AXUM.HTM>. This site provides information on the history, religion, and commerce of Axum.
“Empires of the Western Sudan: Songhai Empire.” The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/sghi/hd_sghi.htm>. This site provides a map of the empire of the Western Sudan to include the Songhai Empire.
“First Instance of Black Death in Europe and Asia, 1333-1369.” Decameron Web. Brown. <http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/images/maps/decworld/plaguetraderoutes.jpg>. This site provides a map of trade routes and the spread of Black Death in Europe.
“Kokugaku: Japanese Studies, Native Studies.” Washington State University. <http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/TOKJAPAN/KOKUGAKU.HTM>. This site provides information on Japanese studies, including the history of Japan.
“Mali: Ancient Crossroads of Africa.” Prince William County. <http://mali.pwnet.org/>. This site provides a Web site devoted to the study of Mali, designed for the Virginia Department of Education.
“Teaching Comparative Religion through Art and Architecture: Sacred Spaces in Shinto.” University of California at Berkeley. Office of Resources for International and Area Studies. <http://orias.berkeley.edu/visuals/japan_visuals/shinto.HTM>. This site provides information on the Shinto religion, with emphasis on religious shrines.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning: History and Social Science Released Items for World History I. Virginia Department of Education 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/Release2003/History/VA-RIBs_g11wh1-1.pdf>.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning. World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. Test Blueprint. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/HistoryBlueprints03/2002Blueprint7WHI.pdf>. This site provides assessment information for World History and Geography to 1500 A.D.
The World Factbook. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. <https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html>. This site provides information on nations of the world.
“The World in the 15th Century.” Modern World History A. Montgomery Country Public Schools. <http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/curriculum/socialstd/MWH/1102.html>. This site provides information on the physical and cultural characteristics of Songhai.
Yamashita, Samuel Hideo. “Teaching about Japan.” UCLA Center for East Asian Studies. <http://www.isop.ucla.edu/eas/japan/classical/overview.htm>. This site provides information on classical Japan.
“Zimbabwe.” Michigan State University. <http://globaledge.msu.edu/countryInsights/country.asp?CountryID=153>. This site provides current information and relevant statistics on Zimbabwe. For similar data on other countries, see “Country Insights ” and the pull-down menu. |
