| WHI.8 |
The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by |
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a) |
describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam; |
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b) |
assessing the influence of geography on Islamic economic, social, and political development, including the impact of conquest and trade; |
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c) |
identifying historical turning points that affected the spread and influence of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi’a division and the Battle of Tours; |
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d) |
citing cultural and scientific contributions and achievements of Islamic civilization. |
NOTE: The Virginia Board of Education adopted the revised 2008 History and Social Science Standards of Learning at the January 10, 2008, meeting. Full implementation of these documents is scheduled for the 2010-2011 school year, as outlined in Superintendent’s Memorandum Informational Number 49.
Explain that the revelations of Muhammad form the basis of the Islamic religion, a monotheistic faith.
Summarize the origins of Islam, using the following information as a guide:
• Muhammad, the Prophet
• Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula: Early Muslim cities
Explain that Muhammad and his followers spread Islam.
Describe the spread of Islam, using the following information as a guide:
• Across Asia and Africa, and into Spain
• Geographic extent of first Muslim empire
Explain that Islamic traditions and customs developed over centuries and created a distinct Muslim culture.
Summarize the beliefs, traditions, and customs of Islam, using the following information as a guide:
• Monotheism (Allah, Arabic word for “God”)
• Quran (Koran): The word of God
• Five pillars of Islam
• Acceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Moses and Jesus
Explain that in the first three centuries after Muhammad’s death, Muslim rule expanded rapidly, overcoming geographic barriers, and weakened political empires.
Explain how geography influenced the rapid expansion of territory under Muslim rule, using the following information as a guide:
• Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina
• Expansion despite great distances, desert environments, and mountain barriers
• Spread into the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and Central Asia, facilitated by weak Byzantine and Persian empires
Explain that political unity and the Arabic language facilitated trade and stimulated intellectual activity.
Explain how political and cultural geography influenced economic, social, and political development in the early Islamic lands, using the following information as a guide:
• Political unity of the first Muslim empire was short-lived.
• Arabic language spread with Islam and facilitated trade across Islamic lands.
• Slavery was not based on race.
Explain that major historical turning points marked the spread and influence of Islamic civilization. Identify these turning points, using the following information as a guide:
• Sunni-Shi’a division
• Muslim conquest of Jerusalem and Damascus
• Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours
Explain that early Islamic civilization was characterized by achievements in science and the arts that transformed the Islamic world and contributed to world civilization.
Explain that Islamic civilization preserved and extended ancient Greek, Persian, and Indian learning.
Summarize the cultural and scientific contributions of Islamic civilization, using the following information as a guide:
Cultural contributions and achievements
• Architecture (Dome of the Rock)
• Mosaics
• Arabic alphabet
• Universities
• Translation of ancient texts into Arabic
Scientific contributions and achievements
• Arabic numerals (adapted from India), including zero
• Algebra
• Medicine
• Expansion of geographic knowledge
Below is an annotated list of Internet resources for this organizing topic. Copyright restrictions may exist for the material on some Web sites. Please note and abide by any such restrictions.
Internet Islamic History Sourcebook. Fordham University. <http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/islam/islamsbook.html>. A categorized listing of links to aspects of the history of Islam; also includes translations of source texts, and articles.
A Brief Chronology of Muslim History. University of Southern California. <http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/history/chronology/>. Important dates in Muslim history, organized by century.
Compendium of Muslim Texts. University of Southern California. <http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/history>.
“Muhammad: Legacy of a Prophet.” Public Broadcasting System. <http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/>. This links on this site provide information about the ways his teachings are reflected in Muslims” lives today. The site also includes a timeline of the life of Muhammad.
The Noble Sanctuary. <http://www.noblesanctuary.com/index.html>. This site provides an “Online Guide to Al-Haram al_Sharif in Jerusalem.” It includes information on the Dome of the Rock and other historical sites in Jerusalem.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning: History and Social Science Released Items for WorldHistoryI.Virginia Department of Education 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/Release2003/History/VA-RIBs_g11wh1-1.pdf>.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning. World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. Test Blueprint. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/HistoryBlueprints03/2002Blueprint7WHI.pdf>. This site provides assessment information for World History and Geography to 1500 A.D.
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