| WHI.13 |
The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by |
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a) |
identifying the economic foundations of the Renaissance; |
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b) |
sequencing events related to the rise of Italian city-states and their political development, including Machiavelli’s theory of governing as described in The Prince; |
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c) |
citing artistic, literary, and philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch; |
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d) |
comparing the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and citing the contributions of writers. |
Explain that the Crusades stimulated trade by introducing Europeans to many desirable products.
Explain that trade promoted frequent contacts with the Byzantine and Muslim Empires.
Summarize the economic effects of the Crusades, using the following information as a guide:
• Increased demand for Middle Eastern products
• Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets
• Encouraged the use of credit and banking
Explain that new economic institutions developed during the Renaissance.
Identify the economic concepts of the Renaissance, using the following information as a guide:
• Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy.
• Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade.
• New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced.
Explain that wealth accumulated from European trade with the Middle East led to the rise of Italian city-states. Wealthy merchants were active civic leaders.
Summarize the benefit of geographic location to northern Italian cities during the Renaissance period, using the following information as a guide. Include an explanation of how each of these cities achieved importance and developed politically:
Florence, Venice, and Genoa
• Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets;
• Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe
• Were initially independent city-states governed as republics
Explain that Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule.
Describe Machiavelli’s ideas about power as defined in his book, The Prince, using the following information as a guide:
• An early modern treatise on government
• Supports absolute power of the ruler
• Maintains that the end justifies the means
• Advises that one should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary
Explain that the Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works that glorified city-states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.
Explain that medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation; Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.
Identify prominent Italian Renaissance artists and writers, using the following information as a guide:
• Leonardo da Vinci—Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
• Michelangelo—Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpture of David
• Petrarch—Sonnets, humanist scholarship
Explain how classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans fostered humanism in the Italian Renaissance.
Summarize humanism, using the following information as a guide:
• Celebrated the individual
• Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture
• Was supported by wealthy patrons
Explain that with the rise of trade, travel, and literacy the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe. The art and literature changed as people of different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas.
Identify how ideas of the Italian Renaissance changed as they became adopted in northern Europe, using the following information as a guide:
• Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.
• Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.
• The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas.
Below is an annotated list of Internet resources for this organizing topic. Copyright restrictions may exist for the material on some Web sites. Please note and abide by any such restrictions.
“Leonardo da Vinci.” Artcyclopedia. <http://artcyclopedia.com/artists/leonardo_da_vinci.html>. This site provides access to art museums and copyrighted copies of Leonardo’s works.
“Medieval History: Renaissance Studies.” <http://historymedren.about.com/homework/historymedren/cs/therenaissance/index.htm?iam=dpile&terms=%2Brenaissance>. This site provides numerous links to a variety of information on the Renaissance.
“Michelangelo Buonarroti.” Artcyclopedia. <http://artcyclopedia.com/artists/michelangelo_buonarroti.html>. This site provides access to art museums and copyrighted copies of Michelangelo’s works.
“Niccolo Machiavelli.” <http://www.ctbw.com/lubman.htm>. This site provides a brief biography of Machiavelli.
“Petrarch: 1304-1374.” Books and Writers. <http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/petrarca.htm>. This site provides information on the life and works of Petrarch.
“WEB Gallery of Art.”<http://www.wga.hu/index.html>. This site provides good quality pictures of the works of many artists.
“Art History Resources on the WEB.” Sweet Briar College. <http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHrenaissanceitaly.html#general> <http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHrenaissanceeurope.html#general>. This site provides links to many works of Renaissance and other art time periods.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning: History and Social Science Released Items for World History I. Virginia Department of Education 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/Release2003/History/VA-RIBs_g11wh1-1.pdf>.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning. World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. Test Blueprint. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/HistoryBlueprints03/2002Blueprint7WHI.pdf>. This site provides assessment information for World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. |
