| VUS.9 |
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the emerging role of the United States in world affairs by |
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a) |
explaining the changing policies of the United States toward Latin America and Asia and the growing influence of the United States in foreign markets; |
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b) |
evaluating United States involvement in World War I, including Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the Treaty of Versailles, and the national debate over treaty ratification and the League of Nations; |
NOTE: The Virginia Board of Education adopted the revised 2008 History and Social Science Standards of Learning at the January 10, 2008, meeting. Full implementation of these documents is scheduled for the 2010-2011 school year, as outlined in Superintendent’s Memorandum Informational Number 49.
Explain that many twentieth-century American foreign policy issues have their origins in America’s emergence as a world power at the end of the nineteenth century. The United States began to abandon her traditional isolationist foreign policy. America’s intervention in World War I ensured her role as a world power for the remainder of the century. The growing role of the United States in international trade displayed the American urge to build, innovate, and explore new markets.
Explain the following information related to the creation of international markets:
• Open Door Policy — Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal trading rights in China.
• Dollar diplomacy — President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. He promised that the United States would step in if unrest threatened their investments.
• Growth in international trade occurred from the late 1800s to World War I — the first era of a true “global economy.”
Use the following information as a guide to describe how the United States expanded her influence in Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific after 1890:
Latin America
• Spanish-American War
- Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States.
- The United States asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
• Panama Canal and the role of Theodore Roosevelt
- United States encouraged Panama’s independence from Colombia.
- Parties negotiated a treaty to build the canal.
Asia and the Pacific
• Hawaii — U.S. efforts to depose Hawaii’s monarchy; U.S. annexation of Hawaii
• Philippines — Annexed after Spanish-American War
• Open Door Policy — Urged all foreigners in China to obey Chinese law, observe fair competition.
Summarize the following information on United States involvement in World War I:
• The war began in Europe in 1914 when Germany and Austria-Hungary went to war with Britain, France, and Russia.
• For three years, America remained neutral, and there was strong sentiment not to become involved in a European war.
• The decision to enter the war was the result of continuing German submarine warfare (freedom of the seas) and American ties to Great Britain.
• Americans wanted to “make the world safe for democracy.” (Wilson)
• America’s military resources of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the war and led to Germany’s defeat.
Use the following information to summarize President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points. Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of war included the following key ideas:
• Self-determination
• Freedom of the seas
• League of Nations
• Mandate system.
Summarize the following terms of the Treaty of Versailles:
• The French and English insisted on punishment of Germany.
• The League of Nations was created.
• National boundaries were redrawn, creating many new nations.
Explain the following debate in the United States on the League of Nations:
• Objections to U.S. foreign policy decisions made by an international organization, not by United States leaders
• Senate’s failure to approve Treaty of Versailles.
Explain that while America’s entry into World War I ensured Allied victory, the failure to conclude a lasting peace left a bitter legacy.
Explain the following causes of the Great Depression:
• High protective tariffs that produced retaliatory tariffs in other countries, strangling world trade (Tariff Act of 1930, popularly called the Hawley-Smoot Act).
Below is an annotated list of Internet resources for this organizing topic. Copyright restrictions may exist for the material on some Web sites. Please note and abide by any such restrictions.
“The Great War: Timeline of WW I.” Public Broadcasting Corporation. <http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/timeline/>. This site contains a timeline of World War I.
“Crucible of Empire: The Spanish-American War — Yellow Journalism.” Public Broadcasting Service. <http://www.pbs.org/crucible/frames/_journalism.html>. This site contains an article on yellow journalism.
The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century. Public Broadcasting Service. <http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/>. This site provides information on World War I.
Historical Census Browser. University of Virginia Library. <http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census>. This site enable one to select the desired decade, select “POPULATION” from the “Categories” menu, and scroll to “total population.”
“History & Records: Induction Statistics.” Selective Service System. <http://www.sss.gov/induct.htm>. This site shows the number of soldiers drafted during World War I.
“The Open Door Policy, 1899.” U-S-History.com <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h908.html>. This site contains an account of the creation and repercussions of the Open Door Policy.
“Panama Canal Handover.” Cable News Network. <http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1999/panama.canal/>. This site contains information on the Panama Canal and the 1999 transfer of ownership from the United States to Panama.
“The Philippines and the United States: An Historical Time Line.” tribungpinoy: the filipino tribe. <http://www.tribo.org/history/us-rp.html>. This site provides a timeline of the history of the Philippines and the United States.
Political Cartoons and Cartoonists. <http://www.boondocksnet.com/gallery/pc_intro.html>. This site provides access to historical political cartoons as well as a brief history of political cartoons.
“William Howard Taft: Dollar Diplomacy.” Mount Holyoke College. <http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/taft2.htm>. This Web site offers an article on “Dollar Diplomacy” in 1912.
“World Colonial Holding, ca. 1914.” State University of New York. <http://history.binghamton.edu/hist130/maps/1914.htm>. This site contains a map of the world colonial holdings circa 1914.
“The World of 1898: The Spanish-American War — Chronology.” Library of Congress, Hispanic Division. <http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/chronology.html>. This site contains a chronology of the Spanish-American War.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning: History and Social Science Released Items for Virginia and United States History. Virginia Department of Education 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/Release2003/History/VA-RIBs_g11vush-1.pdf>.
Virginia Standards of Learning Assessments for the 2001 History and Social Science Standards of Learning. Virginia and United States History. Test Blueprint. Virginia Department of Education, 2003/04. <http://www.pen.k12.va.us/VDOE/Assessment/HistoryBlueprints03/2002Blueprint10VUS.pdf>. This site provides assessment information for the course in Virginia and United States History. |
